There Are Many Perceptions As To How People View Slavery. When People

There are many perceptions as to how people view slavery. When people talk about slavery, the first thing that comes to their mind will be African American Slaves in the United States. They will also think of how they were brought to the United States against their own will and unequally exploited. However, according to Stephen F. Austin, during the eighteen-twenty's and thirty's Mexicans also had slaves. He compares American Slaves and Cruz Arocha as a Mexican Slave. Although there are many differences between Cruz Arocha and the American slaves, especially in the ways they are treated. First of all Americans brought their slaves to the United States chained up and against their own will. They would fit over one hundred of them in small rooms in ships for a trip across the Atlantic Ocean, with out giving them an adequate supply of food and water to live off of. According to the book, Out of Many second edition, they were stowed so close that they were not allowed one foot and a half in each breadth. Although most of the slaves died on the trip and were thrown over board, those that did survive were the best equipped for the harsh conditions awaiting them. The trip itself got rid of all the slaves that would not last long in harsh conditions. Those that survived were what the Americans needed. Upon arrival in the United States the slaves would se either sold or traded for goods, land or other slaves. They were always chained up when they were not working and when they were, there was always someone watching over them with a gun and a whip. Slaves who did not obey the ir masters were whipped. According to the book even the most broad-minded plantation owners of the eighteenth century thought nothing about floggings of fifty or seventy slashes. Mexicans viewed slavery as having people mistreated and never treated as equals. Not showing any type of moral value towards a real person. Mexicans on the other hand had what Stephen F. Austin called slaves helping them out in anything needed. Even though these so-called slaves were not chained up and whipped like American slaves, they were still slaves to Austin. This was because they were not paid for the job that they did and had no say so in family decisions. These so-called slaves were given, in return for their services good food and shelter. They could go mostly anywhere they wanted without someone always looking at what they were doing and threatening to whip or kill them. These so-called slaves were not brought to do what they did against their own will; it came to be because of some family problem. In most cases their families died out so they had no where else to go. So they went to another family who would help them out, and in return they would help that family with anything needed to be done around the place where they lived. So, when Stephen F. Austin saw how Cruz Arocha did everything around the hacienda for Juan Seguien he thought Arocha was a slave. So, Austin's and the American view of slavery and slaves were that anybody who was not paid for work and had no say so in family matters was slave. Stephen F. Austin is wrong in comparing Cruz Arocha to the American slaves. The only similarity the American slaves and Arocha is that they work for someone and they do not get paid for it. Arocha is never chained up and held against his own will like the American slaves. He is never treated like property and sold or traded to other people for goods like the American slaves were. He is not there because he is being forced to stay there but because it is necessity that keeps him there. Arocha does not hate Juan Seguien and his families like the American slaves hate the people that own them. Americans do not keep their morality and see slaves as animals and not as humans. They vied them as means as getting power, land and money. Mexicans never lost their morality and always treated their so-called slaves like people who actually had feelings. Slavery is

Of Marriage and Single Life, by Francis Bacon

Of Marriage and Single Life, by Francis Bacon The first master of the essay form in English, Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was confident that of all his works in The Essayes or Counsels, Civill and Morall (1625) would last as long as books last. One of the best-known essays from that enduring collection is Of Marriage and Single Life. In his analysis of the essay, contemporary rhetorician Richard Lanham describes Bacons style as clipped, curt, compressed, and pointed: No climax at the end; no sign the whole chain of reasoning had been thought out beforehand; somewhat abrupt transitions (Some there are, Nay, there are, Nay, more), several antithetical contrasts, the whole built on a single, pointed and condensed moral reflection. It is from this last characteristic that the name pointed style comes. The point is the condensed, pithy, often proverbial and always memorable statement of a general truth.​​(Analyzing Prose, 2nd ed. Continuum, 2003) You may find it worthwhile to compare Bacons aphoristic observations with the lengthier reflections in Joseph Addisons Defence and Happiness of Married Life. Of Marriage and Single Life   by Francis Bacon He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune, for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men, which both in affection and means have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason that those that have children should have greatest care of future times, unto which they know they must transmit their dearest pledges. Some there are who, though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences. Nay, there are some others that account wife and children but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish, rich, covetous men, that take a pride in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer. For perhaps they have heard some talk, Such an one is a great rich man; and another except to it, Yea, but he hath a great charge of children, as if it were an abatement to his riches. But the most ordinary cause of a single life is liberty, especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds, which are so sensible of every restraint as they will go near to think their girdles and garters to be bonds and shackles. Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants, but not always best subjects, for they are light to run away, and almost all fugitives are of that condition. A single life doth well with churchmen, for charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a pool. It is indifferent for judges and magistrates, for if they be facile and corrupt, you shall have a servant five times worse than a wife. For soldiers, I find the generals commonly in their hortatives put men in mind of their wives and children; and I think the despising of marriage amongst the Turks maketh the vulgar soldier more base. Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, though they may be many times more charitable, because th eir means are less exhaust, yet on the other side they are more cruel and hard-hearted (good to make severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so often called upon. Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving husbands; as was said of Ulysses, Vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati.* Chaste women are often proud and forward, as presuming upon the merit of their chastity. It is one of the best bonds both of chastity and obedience in the wife if she think her husband wise, which she will never do if she find him jealous. Wives are young mens mistresses, companions for middle age, and old mens nurses; so as a man may have a quarrel to marry when he will. But yet he was reputed one of the wise men that made answer to the question, when a man should marry: A young man not yet, an elder man not at all. It is often seen that bad husbands have very good wives, whether it be that it raiseth the price of their hushands kindness when it comes, or that the wives take a pride in their patience. But this never fails if the bad husbands were of their own choosing, against their friends consent, for then they will be sure to make goo d their own folly. * He preferred his old woman to immortality.

How to Create the Ideal Study Space

How to Create the Ideal Study Space Your study space is critical to your ability to study effectively. This doesnt necessarily imply that you have to find a place thats completely silent and set it up as your study area, but it does mean you should find a place to study that fits your specific personality and learning style. Identifying Your Ideal Study Space Everyone has different study preferences. Some of us need a completely quiet room free from any audible distractions. Others actually study better listening to quiet music in the background or taking several breaks. You will study most effectively if you make your study time special, like a ceremony. Assign yourself a specific place and regular time. Some students even give a name to their study space.It might sound crazy, but it works. By naming your study space, you generate more respect for your own space. It might just keep your little brother away from your things too! Creating Your Study Space Evaluate your personality and preferences. Discover whether or not you are vulnerable to noise and other distractions. Also determine if you work better by sitting quietly for a long period of time or if you need to take short breaks once in awhile and then return to your work.Identify the space and claim it. Your bedroom may be the best place to study, or it may not be. Some students associate their bedrooms with rest and simply cant concentrate there.A bedroom can also be problematic  if you share a room with a sibling. If you need a quiet place without distraction, it might be better for you to set up a place in the attic, basement, or garage, completely away from others.Make sure your study area is comfortable. It is very important to set up your computer and chair in a way that wont harm your hands, wrists and neck. Make sure you chair and monitor are the right height and lend themselves to a proper ergonomic position for hours of comfortable studying. Take care to avoid repet itive stress injury as this can lead to lifelong difficulties. Next, stock your study space with all the tools and supplies you’ll need, and make sure the space is comfortable in temperature. Establish study rules. Avoid unnecessary arguments and misunderstandings with your parents by establishing when and how you study.If you know that you are able to study effectively by taking breaks, just say so. You may want to create a homework contract. Communicate with your parents and explain the ways in which you study best and why its important for your to take breaks, listen to music, grab a snack, or make use of whatever method best enables effective studying.

Does modern music negatively influence children Research Paper

Does modern music negatively influence children - Research Paper Example 77 percent of rap music that was studied referred to alcohol and drug abuse, moreover, girls aged between 14 and 18 that watched these music videos were one and half times more likely to drink and use drugs2. Rap music also makes frequent references to guns and shootings, robbery and violence and revenge gang attacks against rival gangs that tend to influence and promote violent behavior. â€Å"Music also affects children’s sexual development, those who listened to music with lyrics that objectified and limited characterizations of sexuality reported a faster progression in their own sexual behavior†3. This is as opposed to children who are taught to listen to classical music by the likes of Mozart and Mendelssohn, which tend to be more successful and college prepared than those that have not been trained to listen to such kind of music4. The argument about whether or not music negatively affects children is inconclusive because, while some findings suggest music, for example, rap advocate violent behavior some findings suggest that music can be used as an anti-violent tool where rap was used for an anti- violence function in South Bronx, New York neighborhoods in the late 1970s5. Music is also considered a stress and anxiety reliever, it is used to destruct the mind from pain and hence calms the listener reliving them from pain stress (Bel Marra Health)6. Hence, an extensive research should be done to conclude concretely whether music has a negative or positive impact on

The Design of Health and Safety Control Systems Assignment - 2

The Design of Health and Safety Control Systems - Assignment Example The cattle which graze on the field that houses the subterranean chamber. Any passersby on the main road which is lesser than mile away from the location. HAZARDS Toxic sealant paint highly inflammable and heavier than air (not easy to get disposed off). Thus being hazardous in the following manner: The breaking out of a fire is possible if remnants of the sealant remain within the subterranean chamber. Since the sealant sprayed is toxic its remnants may harm the grass and other crops in the farmer’s field. The health of the cattle and the farmer is at risk. Risk of intoxication of the personnel assigned to spray the sealant. Pedestrian passersby on the main road may get intoxicated. WHAT THE LAW SAYS: The following regulations cover different aspects of the operation 1 discussed above. The regulations are stated below: Safe working in confined spaces According to the confined spaces regulation 1997, regulation 1(1) a sewer is considered as â€Å"confined space†. Accord ing to the confined spaces regulation 1997 regulation 1(9) flammable substances, toxic gas and flammable substances are declared to as HAZARDS. Regulation 3 is about duties under the regulations. ACOP 22(a) Risk assessment must be done. Regulation 4 is regarding working in confined spaces. ... ACOP Communications (39) An adequate communication system will be needed and should enable communication: (a) between those inside the confined space; (b) between those inside the confined space and those outside; and (c) to summon help in case of emergency ACOP (47) Gas purging through inert gas to for flammable or toxic gases. ACOP (51) Mechanical Ventilation for flammable or toxic gases Regulation 1997 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Regulation 3 Risk assessment Every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of – (a) the risks to the health and safety of his employees to which they are exposed whilst they are at work; and (b) the risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him of his undertaking, for the purpose of identifying the measures he needs to take to comply with the requirements and prohibitions imposed upon him by or under the relevant statutory provisi ons Management Regulation 3 ACOP 22(a) Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 11 The Act places a duty on all employers and the self-employed to take reasonably practicable steps to ensure the health and safety of people who are not in their employment, such as members of the public. 12 The Act also places a duty on employees to co-operate with their employer on health and safety matters and not to do anything which puts others at risk. OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS The operational recommendations are as follows: Risk assessment of the sewer should be done in compliance with the Health, Safety and Security standards. The farmer should be informed well in time before the

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay In the novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, readers encounter a White boy named Huckleberry Finn, whom is raised in a society where there is prejudice towards African-Americans that are mostly slaves. Over the course of the novel, Huckleberry slowly detaches himself from society through his actions and his lies, such as helping Jim become a â€Å"free nigger† (Twain 27). As Huckleberry’s journey with helping Jim become a free man goes on, he gradually separates himself from society. In the beginning of the novel, Huckleberry is treated as an outcast as he attains it from his father. For example, â€Å"They call that govment! A man can’t get his rights in a govment like this. Sometimes I’ve a mighty notion to just leave the country for good and all† (Twain 26). In the selection, Huckleberry’s ‘pap’ is basically complaining about the atrocious society they are living and how it is a society that is corrupt. This is important because Mark Twain uses ‘pap’ as a symbol of negative influence towards Huckleberry and this leads the runaway boy into becoming more self-reliant. By assisting Jim in becoming a sole individual, Huckleberry begins to understand that society is unjust by its views and is being unfair about African-Americans. This is shown later on in the novel when Huckleberry says, â€Å"I didn’t answer prompt. I tried to, but the words wouldn’t come†¦ ‘I wish you would,’ says I, ‘because it’s pap that’s there, and maybe you’d help me tow the raft ashore where the light is. † At this point in the novel, Huckleberry meets two men on a â€Å"skiff† that are searching for â€Å"runaway niggers†, however he is reluctant to give Jim up and then faces an internal conflict whether or not to trust his own instincts or follow up on what society believes is ‘right’ (Twain 90). As a result, Huckleberry chooses to lie to the two men and breaks off from society’s morals and values. By his own decisions and lies, Huckleberry chooses to follow his own moral values and instincts. Towards the end of the novel, Huckleberry states, â€Å"‘All right, then, I’ll go to hell’ –and tore it up. It was awful thoughts, and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming†¦ I would go to work and steal Jim out of slavery again† (Twain 215). Towards the end of the novel, Jim is captured on the Phelp’s farm and Huckleberry decides to write a letter to Miss Watson, his old caretaker; however, he reminisce the journey he has been through with Jim, and resolves to free Jim. Therefore by doing so, Huckleberry sets himself free from society’s moral views. There are many occurrences in the novel where Huckleberry breaks off with society’s views, whether if it is by his choices made or by his lies. One major point that shows Huckleberry does not follow society’s standards is when he helps Jim become a free individual. His choice to not give up Jim reveals that Huckleberry has developed his own self-reliance from society’s perspective. Work Cited Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1887. Print.

Country study comparison Indian vs. Brazilian women :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the United States, equality between a husband and a wife continues to progress, globally, especially in third world countries the oppressed position of women in the household continues to be a prevalent problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In both India and Brazil, women are not equal to their male counter parts within the household. Factors that cause this inequality to manifest and continue can be attributed to, male dominant and patriarchal histories of the countries, employment opportunities, legal issues, especially the rights of women to control reproduction, educational opportunities for girls, marriage customs and vulnerability of women within the family due to fears of violence, domestic abuse and rape.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The colonization of Brazil occurred primarily by men of Portuguese decent. In creating this society, they instilled the values of machismo, which is highly prevalent in most Latin American countries. This concept provides men with both authority and strength while women are placed in a position of sub-ordinance and identified as weak (Aboim, 2004). The tradition of machismo as well as the patriarchy of the Catholic Church places men in dominance (Aboim, 2004). With this â€Å"superiority† comes the sexual double standard. Men are expected to demonstrate their masculinity and virility through premarital and extramarital sexual experiences. Women on the other hand are expected to remain virginal until marriage and to be faithful to their husbands throughout the union (Lewis, 1997). These values are difficult to put into practice at times because of poverty, isolation and unequal ratios of men and women. As a result, illegitimacy and prostitution are common. Although this paradox exists, the traditional view is the most widely accepted (ibid). Women have, despite their oppression, been allowed open access to schools and employment, and in 1933 were granted suffrage on a national level. With this equality they were still not recognized as equal with men in matters of the home. Men were automatically considered the heads of h ousehold and women were legally subordinate to their husbands. Under a Civil Code reform put into place in 1962 women were considered to be in the same legal category as minors (Aboim, 2004). Women of middle and upper classes could not legally represent their family or administer the families’ assets. Nor were they able to work outside of the house without the consent of the male head of household (Alvim, 2000). Before the creation of the new Brazilian Constitution of 1988 which granted men and women equality under the law, the father or husband of a woman had the right to control any employment contract she entered into.

Autism Involvement in Society Essay

My cousin is my age, he is a freshman in high school to be exact. He loves to plays video games, He hates homework. He is a great student, gets all A’s in his classes and hangs out with friends. He is very good at playing the bass (stringed instrument), although he cant keep his concentration very long. You see my cousin has autism. He shows great courage in the face of adversity. Vijay Barona was diagnosed with autism when he was three years old. And he hasn’t haven’t had the easiest time with it. Autism is known as a complex developmental disability. Experts believe that Autism presents itself during the first three years of a person’s life. The condition is the result of a neurological disorder that has an effect on normal brain function, affecting development of the person’s communication and social interaction skills. â€Å"I had great trouble in school’ says Vijay ‘ concentration was the hardest part† He talked about how school work became harder to do as he got older. My parents did help me through it. They got a teacher to come to my house when I was little for some extra help in coping with autism. Vijay had lived in Atlanta, Georgia till he was 9, the moved up into Indianapolis, Indiana. What made this even more challenging? â€Å"Moving up north made this adversity more challenging for me.† Being a new kid at a different school is hard for anyone to go through. â€Å"I always knew something was wrong with me, I was different from the other kids and they never really liked me either† says Vijay. Being as I am now has made me realize how much I had gone through to get where I am now. I was bullied in school. Just because I had autism, and just because I was different. I didn’t act like the other kids or think in the same way as they did. That’s when I knew that I didn’t fit in. Did you ever feel like giving up? â€Å"Yes I always wanted to move back to Georgia,† said Vijay. â€Å"No one really knew about it except my sister. I never talked to anybody about what was going on in my life.† Did this ever stop? He did have a girl in the same grade a while back stick up for him. She really helped him get through bulling. â€Å"It gained me confidence to actually do something about it, Eventually its stopped.†

Case Study – Bowel Cancer

Bowel Cancer The bowel is a long tube that is made up of the small bowel, colon and rectum. The bowel absorbs nutrients from food and also processes waste products into faeces to be removed from the body. Bowel Cancer is cancer of the rectum or colon. Bowel cancer develops from small raised growths called polyps which are found in the inner lining of the bowel. These polyps can either be non cancerous and harmless (benign) or they can be cancerous (malignant).All polyps should be removed to reduce the risk of these polyps becoming cancerous or spreading the disease further. Most polyps can be removed without surgery with a procedure called a colonoscopy. If these polyps are not removed, they can grow deeper into the bowel and spread into areas close to the area and later can spread to the liver or lungs. Causes Bowel cancer can be hereditary passed down from a before generation but mainly age and lifestyle factors also contribute to the development of bowel cancer.According to the Be tter Health Channel (BHC)(2011), There is some evidence that having a diet that consists of red meat and drinking alcohol can lead to the cause of bowel cancer. Bowel cancer is more common in people aged 50 years or older. In relation to â€Å"Lou† who is 75, eats red meat from the cattle from his farm and also drinks alcohol, his risk factors for bowel cancer was high. This inability to pass bowel movements showed that he had a very high chance of having bowel cancer. Symptoms * Blood or mucus in the faeces Weakness and paleness * Diarrhoea * Constipation * Finding your faeces are narrower than usual * Feeling that your bowel doesn’t empty completely Prevalence rates According to Bowel Cancer Australia (BCA)(2010), Bowel cancer is the responsible for the second biggest cancer related deaths after lung cancer with 14,234 people being diagnosed with bowel cancer each year and 4047 deaths occurring due to bowel cancer. The older you become the greater the risk of develop ing bowel cancer becomes with Cancer Council Australia CCA)(2011), quoting that 1 in 12 Australians develop bowel cancer before the age of 85. Bowel cancer is the most curable cancer and if detected and removed early, the cure rate is 90%, however in most cases; bowel cancer is detected in its later stage and therefore has a 60% cure rate. Table: Age vs Number of cases. Obtained from Australian Institute of Health and Wellfare (2006). Socio-Ecological Model Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) is a framework that recognises the relationship that is present between an individual and its surrounding environment.This model looks at not only at an individual reducing risk and improving health but also looks at the outer environment. These include the public policy, the community, organisations, interpersonal and the individual themselves. People who are diagnosed with bowel cancer can suffer from psychological problems due to the trauma of going through the procedures when diagnosing the cancer (such as colonoscopy) or from during the procedure where the doctor has to perform surgery on the patient.Mainly psychological affects will come from the fear of death and can lead them to withdraw themselves from friends and family leading to the sufferer not being socially active and not having that connection that is needed to get through the mental trauma that can be associated when dealing with bowel cancer. In this case the SEM can be implemented as for a patient that is suffering from psychological problems as they would need good interpersonal relationships (friends and family) and organisational involvement (social institutions) to be there to help the patient deal with their illness as best as possible.As in the case of â€Å"Lou† from the case study, he is moving 50 km away from his home, friends and family and therefore could lead him to feel that he can’t connect with anyone and lead to emotional and social consequences which include depression. Social Se rvices and Programs There are many support groups and services that are available to help a cancer patient when needed. If these are utilised, it can be beneficial in dealing with the emotional and social impacts that come with the disease.These include: * Homecare: This I when a social worker or nurse provides a cancer patient with their basic needs e. g. running errands, preparing meals, medication delivery and can have regular visits from physical therapists. This is a good asset as patients often feel more comfortable in their own home where they can be close to friends and family. This puts a great demand on other people like social workers, nurses and physical therapists to play a major role for home care to be achieved. This is also applied from the (SEM). Social workers: Can either be seen at home from home care or cancer patients can go see social workers. Social workers can offer counselling, counselling for the future, access to support groups and referrals to specialists . This Is good as it can help a cancer patient during and after they have cancer. * Cancer rehabilitation programs: The Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Program gives cancer patients information about diet, physical activity, treatment and other needs to successfully become rehabilitated.The social worker helps the patient obtain the needs necessary and give them general direction on how to become and maintain a healthy state after cancer. Conclusion Bowel cancer can be successfully treated and cured if early detection is made. This early detection will heighten the chances of survival then if it is found at a later stage. Regular checkups for people over 50 years of age are necessary to ensure that this early detection occurs. While an individual is responsible to obtain a healthy lifestyle, other factors need to be taken into account as outlined from the SEM.If individuals and the surrounding environment are linked together as one then becoming and staying healthy can be achieved. Reference List. 1. Polglase A (2010) Let's beat bowel cancer. Australian Pharmacist. Vol 29, issue 5, 414-416. Available from, http://ea3se7mz8x. search. serialssolutions. com/? ctx_ver=Z39. 88-2004;ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8;rfr_id=info:sid/summon. serialssolutions. com;rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal;rft. genre=article;rft. atitle=Let%27s+Beat+Bowel+Cancer;rft. jtitle=Australian+P

Oracle California

Oracle California Introduction/Background On May 31, 2001, Oracle Corporation (Oracle), with the assistance of its dependent broker Logicon Inc (Logicon), sealed a six-year enterprise licensing agreement (ELA) with the state of California to provide statewide database software and maintenance support to over 270,000 state employees. On face value, the contract, worth almost $95 million, seemed beneficial to the state in not only achieving significant volume discounts by broadly licensing the software, but also reducing its overall administrative costs (Howle Hendrickson, 2002). Overall, it was argued by Oracle and Logicon’s officials that the statewide software contract would help California save up to $100 million in taxpayers’ dollars over six to 10 years (Borland, 2002; Gilbert 2002b).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Oracle California specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But as noted in a report by the California State Auditor, this contract could have seen the state spend $6 million to $41 million more on Oracle database software and maintenance support than it would have if no contract was sealed (Howle Hendrickson, 2002). The present paper analyzes the Oracle and California case in depth, its major actors, triggering forces, consequences and long-term effects. Problem Discussion The Oracle and state of California case, it can be argued, revolves around poor contracting practices as witnessed by the loopholes and oversights inherent when the state entered into an ELA with Oracle (Howle Hendrickson, 2002). Information technology (IT) is generally considered an enabler of the state’s agility, particularly when its use results in massive cost efficiencies and productivity (Reddick, 2012). In this particular case, however, â€Å"†¦a preliminary survey by the Department of Information Technology (DOIT) of 127 state departments two months earlier strongly suggested that relatively few s tate workers might need or want any new Oracle Corporation (Oracle) products† (Howle Hendrickson, 2002, p. 1). But state officials went ahead to buy into the deal despite prior knowledge from the survey which insinuated that Oracle products were not a priority. Additionally, it is evident how Logicon, the official reseller for Oracle, quickly immersed itself in the deal and aimed for key contacts that it would need in Sacramento political circles not only to win political favoritism (Borland, 2002), but also reap handsomely in a deal that state officials admit they never took adequate time to ascertain Logicon’s data (Howle Hendrickson, 2002). While it is arguable that Oracle viewed the California case in light of victimization due to political temperatures reminiscent of an election year (Gilbert, 2002a), it is evident how the contract was grounded in political influence and smoothed by capitol relationships (Borland, 2002). But although the state legislative audit c ommittee held two months hearings with 30 witnesses and 2500 pages of documents, contradictory testimony throughout the trial proved inadequate in providing an accurate picture of how the multi-million deal was finalized or structured (Borland, 2002). Consequently, the following analysis is an attempt to provide in-depth insights into some overriding scenarios of the case.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analysis To date, it remains difficult to outline the undercurrents of Oracle and California case, but at least we can now map out the factors that come into play to precipitate the case. In one of his recommendations to the Governor’s office, Kelso cited in Peterson (2002) advocates for â€Å"†¦a clearer assignment of roles and responsibilities for IT planning, management, procurement and project management† (p. 1). The lack of this function cou pled with a faulty contracting system, in my view, allowed Logicon the opportunity to exploit weak governance structures and push through a defective deal. While the state was loosing money, Logicon stood to make a massive $28 million from the ELA, a fact that state officials may not have been apprised of (Howle Hendrickson, 2002). Political maneuvers on the part of Logicon to ensure the contract went through complicated issues (Gilbert, 2002a), but not to the extent demonstrated by state bureaucrats, who not only failed to scrutinize the deal as much as they could have, but never questioned Oracle’s promises of cost savings and estimates for the number of business licenses that the state would need (Borland, 2002). Up until now, it is yet unclear why the above oversights and errors were committed. Although ultimately California officially canceled the sprawling six-year contract with Oracle on July 23 2002 (Borland, 2002; Gilbert, 2002b), contradictory testimony throughout the trial means that it may not be clear how and why these oversights and errors went unnoticed (Borland, 2002). To date, according to this author, â€Å"†¦it’s also unclear whether Oracle or Logicon is to blame for the convoluted contract – or whether state officials were too trusting of the promised cost savings and license estimates in the first place† (para. 13). It may not be clear why the convoluted contract involving California and Oracle went through despite shortcomings, but it is certainly clear who the major players were. From the critical evaluation of literature on the case, it cannot escape mention that both Oracle and Logicon undertook critical roles in ensuring the contract went through. The role played by the Department of Information Technology (DOIT) was equally critical in facilitating a faulty deal that investigations revealed could have led to the loss of millions of taxpayers’ money (Howle Hendrickson, 2002). In particular, th e General Services and Information Technology departments bore a heavy burden of the case (Borland, 2002)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Oracle California specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While reading through the various documents highlighting the case, it is clear that Logicon engaged in adaptive malpractices with the help of Ravi Mehta to win the contract for Oracle and afterwards benefit financially through contract fees and loyalties (Borland, 2002). Mehta’s greatest contribution, it seems, was to scout for ‘political connectedness’ to win the contract for Oracle through campaign money contributions. Indeed, governor Gray Davis had already received a $25,000 campaign contribution from Oracle some few days after the deal was signed (Borland, 2002), not mentioning that Mehta, acting for Logicon, solicited the assistance of Sen. Richard Polanco and Assemblyman Marco Firebaugh with an obvious intention of sealing the contract (Howle Hendrickson, 2002). Therefore, it can be argued, the salient trend reminiscent throughout the pre-contract signing era was for Logicon to act as the deal broker while Oracle provided the financial resources needed for political maneuvering. Inside the state agencies, it is evident from the case readings that the General Services limited their legal counselors in all contracts, causing vague contractual terms and missing language that went a long way to open a window of opportunity for misuse and misrepresentation (Howle Hendrickson, 2002). This particular department, in conjunction with the department of Finance, had also been accused for failing to effectively evaluate the state’s actual need for the Oracle contract. Employees from the IT department were also netted as major players as they, in conjunction with their counterparts in Finance and General Services, approved the ELA without taking the necessary steps to validate the cos ts savings projections presented by Logicon (Howle Hendrickson, 2002). Moving away from the key players, it is imperative to analyze the consequences and the aftermath of the contract, as well as the long-term effects. By far the biggest consequence of the convoluted contract was the wounding up of the state’s department of information technology (Gilbert, 2002b), an institution that had been established in 1995 to steer the state clear of IT-related system failures and challenges (Peterson 2002; California Technology Agency, 2011). An underlying consequence or aftermath of the contract was the resignation of senior state officials, including Eliaz Cortez, the then head of the state’s department of information technology (Gilbert, 2002b). Politicians who accepted campaign contributions from Ravi Mehta of Logicon as a means to woo political favors also suffered heavy political setbacks from the exposure.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, Governor Davis, who was due for re-election in November 2002, had to return the $25,000 campaign contribution facilitated by Oracle upon the signing of the contract (Borland, 2002; Howle Hendrickson, 2002; Gilbert 2002b). It is also obvious that both Logicon and Oracle suffered from dented images and public reputation, a fact that is evident from the accusations and counter-accusations both firms traded against each other during the Audit hearings. In one instance, Oracle executives said they all but ignored Mehta’s recommendations that the software giant contributes money to political campaigns (Borland, 2002), but they still went ahead to contribute $25,000 to Governor Davis’ campaign kitty (Howle Hendrickson, 2002). Such misalignment of facts caused embarrassment for Oracle and its main lobbyist in the deal – Logicon. The long-term effects of the convoluted contract are best illuminated by Kelso in his recommendations to the office of Governor. Amon g the most important, Kelso cited in Peterson (2002) underlines the need â€Å"†¦to have a clearer assignment of roles and responsibilities for IT planning management, procurement and project management† (p. 1). It is generally felt that some overlap of roles as well as confusion about which state agency or department was ultimately responsible for which type of IT project may have given a window of opportunity for the defective contract to progress, thus the need to undertake long-term measures of not only making clear assignments of roles and responsibilities, but also encouraging public input and public vetting of major IT projects to avoid such oversights and errors (Peterson, 2002). Lastly, the Oracle California case also demonstrates the need for long-term concerted efforts aimed at aligning the state’s IT governance structure with the actual structure of California state government with the view to achieve harmony among the many dispersed units (Peterson, 2 002). In the view of many commentators, the dispersed governance structure and the level of autonomy exercised by state agencies and departments could have exacerbated the situation. Conclusion Key Learning Outcomes Through an insightful analysis of available literature, the present paper has brought important angles of the Oracle and California case into the limelight. As already mentioned elsewhere, the investigators failed to unearth what was really going on due to the nature and complexity of the evidence adduced (Howle Hendrickson, 2002), but the investigation was closed with deep criticism of almost every single player involved (Borland, 2002). A major key learning for state officials is to what is right instead of what they feel is politically expedient. Another key learning revolves around avoiding political and monetary influence in undertaking state contracts. Additionally, the convoluted contract exposes the need to have effective state employees who have the capacity t o synthesize and make meaning of all contractual documents, as well as the need for effective leadership, coordination and collaboration between various state agencies and departments to seal all loopholes that could be used by self-interested contractors and individuals to achieve selfish gains (Peterson, 2002). Reference List Borland, J. (2002). Lawmaker: â€Å"Influence† drove Oracle deal. CNET News. Retrieved from https://www.cnet.com/news/lawmaker-influence-drove-oracle-deal/ California Technology Agency. (2011). History of the California Technology Agency. Retrieved from https://cdt.ca.gov/about/ Gilbert, A. (2002a). Auditors joust over Oracle contract. CNET News. Retrieved from https://www.cnet.com/news/auditors-joust-over-oracle-contract/ Gilbert, A. (2002b). California cancels Oracle contract. CNET News. Retrieved from https://www.cnet.com/news/california-cancels-oracle-contract/ Howle, E.M., Hendrickson, S.M. (2002). Enterprise Licensing Agreement: The State failed to exercise due diligence when contracting with Oracle, potentially costing tax payers millions of dollars. California State Auditor. Retrieved from bsa.ca.gov/pdfs/reports/2001-128.pdf Peterson, S. (2002). California DOIT closes up shop. Government Technology. Retrieved from https://www.govtech.com/e-government/Californias-DOIT-Closes-Up-Shop.html Reddick, C.G. (2012). Public administration and information technology. Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.

A Ladys Maid and Cinderella

A maid of a woman and a maid of a woman of Cinderella and Cinderella: A story for children of two similar stories has a simple and cute character and a nice ending. But these simple plots sometimes have a latent meaning and may be the foundation of adult stories with social, intellectual or emotional themes. For example, L. Frank Baum's The Wizard of Oz is not just a girl looking for attractive friends on his way home. It was written as a populist propaganda of the entire populist movement in the early twentieth century. Walt Disney's Cinderella is based on the French folklore of Charles Perot of the same name. The title character lost his parents when he was young and is a young lady who was forced to fulfill the role of an evil stepmother, Mrs. Tremain (Eleanor Audrey) and stepmother Drizella and Anastasia. When Mrs. Tremaine ceased participating in the Royal Ball, Cinderella was unexpectedly aided by her fairy godown and two mice, Gus and Jaq. In addition to the role of Lady Trema ine, fairy godparent, king, archduke, the characters are boring, exciting and almost forgotten. In addition to the fun and generous song Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo by fairy godmothers, these songs can be forgotten. However, the animation in the movie is very exciting, definitely a highlight of the movie. In the classic fairy tale Cinderella, my beloved daughter was adopted as an orphan, adopted and became a servant of the contract, but the others went. Cinderella went to the ball with the help of a fairy godmother, a dress and a famous pair of shoes, a very beautiful, handsome young prince fell in love with her. Despite stepmother and aunt of stepmother, Cinderella became a prince, became a princess, and was released from her painful physical work life. In the early 20th century, Edward Berners, Sigmund Freud's nephew, used some of his uncle's ideas to manipulate those who saw advertisements unconsciously. Then he applied these insights to the tobacco industry and women, especially because they smoked much less than men. He encourages women to smoke instead of eating, to celebrate the image of a thin woman, and to gain doctor's advice. Smoking is better for you than eating sweets.

Lactobacillus bulgaricus and E.coli. (Microbiology-SLP5) Essay

Lactobacillus bulgaricus and E.coli. (Microbiology-SLP5) - Essay Example While the Lactobacilli are found in plant herbage especially at temperatures between 30 and 40 degrees Celsius, the Escherichia bacteria are basically anaerobic and are found in the human colonic flora in the intestinal lumen. Thirdly, the Lactobacilli are involved in producing yoghurt and in maintaining healthy intestinal flora but the Escherichia bacteria are mainly used in industrial microbiology as an extremely versatile host of beneficial heterologous proteins, which can be mass produced through E. coli. Lastly, unlike Lactobacilli, E. coli can be pathological and may cause diarrhea, meningitis or urinary tract infection (â€Å"Lactobacillus,† 2010; â€Å"Escherichia,† 2010). When it comes to the similarities between Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Escherichia coli, only two things need to be noted: they are both rod-shaped and they both have benefits in the field of biotechnology. As to the specialized functions of Lactobacilli, particularly Lactobacillus bulgaricus, based on the results of scientific research, this particular species of bacteria performs an important role in the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, or AhR, pathway, which in turn inhibits the development of a pathological condition known as â€Å"dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced† colitis (Takamura et al., 2011). Moreover, Lactobacillus bulgaricus is also involved in the destruction and elminition of putrefactive or proteolytic bacteria in the bowels, which cause â€Å"intestinal auto-intoxication† thus causing a series of arteriosclerotic changes that lead to physical aging (â€Å"Lactobacillus,† 2011). In a similar way, E. coli bacteria have been helpful in the expression of heterologous proteins, as previously mentioned, as well as in studies that help to illustrate and explain in detail complex cellular responses (Lee & Lee, 2003). Moreover, E. coli is used in the conversion of glycerine into ethanol (â€Å"E.coli,† 2010). The